Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) – Overview & Varieties
Description:
Clove is the dried flower bud of the clove tree (Syzygium aromaticum), a member of the Myrtaceae family. Known for its warm, pungent aroma and intense flavor, it is one of the most prized spices in the world. Cloves are used extensively in cooking, traditional medicine, and aromatics.
- Scientific Name: Syzygium aromaticum
- Family: Myrtaceae
- Origin: Indonesia (Maluku Islands – “The Spice Islands”)
- Major Producers: Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Tanzania
- Essential Oil Content: 15–20% (rich in eugenol)
- Harvesting: Buds are harvested before blooming, 4–5 years after planting
Key Characteristics:
- Color: Ranges from dark brown to reddish-brown
- Shape: Small, nail-like dried flower buds
- Flavor: Warm, spicy, slightly bitter
- Aroma: Strong and penetrating due to high eugenol content
Common Uses:
- Culinary: A staple in spice blends, teas, baked goods, and curries
- Medicinal: Known for antiseptic, analgesic, and antibacterial properties
- Cosmetic & Aromatic: Found in perfumes, toothpaste, and essential oil products
Health Benefits:
- Rich in eugenol, a powerful anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving compound
- Supports dental health, relieves toothaches
- Aids in digestion and improves metabolism
Popular Varieties of Clove:
-
Zanzibar Clove (Tanzania, Madagascar):
- High eugenol content (85–90%)
- Strong aroma and dark brown color
- Mostly used for essential oil extraction
-
Penang Clove (Malaysia):
- Large-sized buds with a bold flavor
- Reddish-brown in color
- Ideal for culinary uses and spice mixes
-
Amboyna Clove (Indonesia):
- Soft texture, medium eugenol content
- Light brown buds
- Commonly used in flavored tobacco and Indonesian recipes
-
Madagascar Clove:
- Premium-grade with high oil content
- Dark brown in color
- Used widely in pharmaceuticals and essential oils
-
Sri Lankan Clove:
- Noted for large buds and potent medicinal properties
- Deep brown hue
- Essential in Ayurvedic and herbal preparations
-
Indian Clove (Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka):
- Known for high-quality, aromatic cloves
- Reddish-brown appearance
- Extensively used in Indian cuisine and Ayurvedic medicine
-
Comoros Clove (Comoros Islands):
- Balanced flavor with medium oil content
- Brownish-red color
- Used in spice blends and natural remedies